Manufacture of glass articles.



v ,nnrrnn srn rngs PATENT oFF1on.. 4 A

' 'RENIER ESTHER- HERMAN JONKERGOUW, or BILLANCOURT, FRANCE, Assrenon'ro LA soomrn ANONYME. nu oun so-eERAME, or

PARIS, FRANCE.

' MAnuFAoTURE No.845,652. I

. v To all whom it"ma/y concern:

' Be it known that LRENI R ESTHER HER- MAN JoNKEneoUw, a subject of theQueen of Holland, and a resident of Billancourt, France, have invented anew and useful Improvement in or Relating to the Manufacture of GlassArticles, which improvement is fully. set forth in the followinspecification.

The manufacture of g ass articles has been effected hitherto by meltingat a high temperature the raw material used and subsequently molding orblowing it while hot, so as to give the molten matter the desired shape.

This invention relates to a process in which thiedmolding takes placewhile the material is co Broadly stated, the invention consists inpreparing a mixture of materials which is capable of bein converted intoglass by the ap plication of heat, molding these substances, thoroughlymixed, when cold, ,and then submitting them to the action of heat whilestill in the mold.

The substances used are as follows: Fontainebleau sand, carbonate ofsoda, borax, chalk and minium. Fontainebleau sand may be replaced by anyother suitable sand or by quartz reduced to powder. Carbonate of sodamay be replaced by carbonate of potash to which may be added a smallquantity of nitrate of potash. The proportions in which these substancesare mixed together. may vary, as will be readily understood, inaccordance with the transparency of the product to be obtained. By wayof example, the following proportions could be used: Fontainebleau sand,608; minium, 300; carbonate of soda, borax, 12; chalk, 30; total, 1,000.To the-mixture thus constituted may be added, further, one thousandparts of Fontainebleau or other suitable sand.

Compositions may be em loyed in which the proportion of Fontaine leausand is as low as three hundred parts in one thousand, and the mixturemay be employed without further addition of Fontainebleau sand.

The above are intended as limit figures. Any pro ortions comprisedwithin these'limits may e usefully employed.

The different substances are thoroughly mixed together in the sha e ofpowder, and coloring-matters may be a (led-such, for in- Specificationof Letters Patent. Applicationfilgdl'nly 26,1906. Serial No. 327,928.

for any length of time.

or GLASS Am'loias.

Patented Feb. 26, 1907.

stance, as oxid of cobalt for obtaining blue color, oxid of gold forobtaining red color, oxid of copper for obtaining green color, ec. Themixture is then placed in a suitable furnace and for about two hoursexposed to a temperature of 1,500 to 2,000. if the frit is not veryfusible, it is simply placed onthe hearth of the furnace. if, on thecontrary, it is very fusible, it can be placed in a vessel, so as torevent the frit from flowing. When the frit 1s suiliciently burned, ithas the form of paste and is cast into water. it remains there in thestate of paste and can be kept it is in this form that'it issubsequently used, as will be seen later on. if the frit is veryfusible, it is cast vdry. The paste thus obtained is subsequently groundvery fine. Water can be added to facilitate the grinding. it is thenscreened, the grade of the screen or sieve used depending on thefineness of the powder it is desired to obtain. i or ordinary paste thescreen No. 120 can be used, and iorvery fusible paste screens up to No.

could be used. The excess of water con-' tained in the paste is thenremoved by drying in .the air. in this way by the above-dcscribed methodof preparation a series of pastes of different colors is obtained, thecolor depending, as already stated, on the metallic oxid added to themixture at the moment of the formation of the frit. It will be readilyunderstood that since these pastes have to be molded cold, as alreadystated; the chief drawback to be avoided is the sticking of the paste tothe mold after the burning. Itwas therefore necessary to find a mold ofspecial composition preventing sticking of the paste to the wall of themold during the burning. Such a mold comprises as its main constituentsa mixture of clay, kaolin, quartz to 2,000. After burning they areslowly I position, calcining the same, pulverizing the cooled and thentempered in lime-water. calcined materiahplacing the pulverizei Themolds are, moreover, always kept in the terial while cool into a mold,then heating the said lime-water, so that they should have a certainmoisture at the moment of use.

the said molds, the mold is taken from the oath of lime-water and thebottom of the mold decorated with frits of various colors obtained asdescribed, or with ordinary enamels, or with a mixture'offr'itsandenamels. Over the decoration is heaped li htly a white paste or pasteof one or even 0 two colors, according to circumstances, so as to fillthe mold com letely. To facihtate the placing in the mold of portions ofhats of different colors, according to the ornamentation that thearticle is intended to possess, brass grates could be used, formingcompartments in which to place the frits of differ ent colors. After thefrits have been put in place the brass grates are removed before placingthe filling-frit. Instead of the brass grating the frits of variouscolors can be arranged either by means of a brush or by hand. The moldthus containing the raw material is then introduced into the mold withoxidizing or reducing atmosphere and heated, according to thefusibility, from 750 to 1,000. The burning operation lasts about twohours. Then the mold is removed from the furnace and the article can beremoved from the mold without difiiculty after cooling. In theseconditions and according to the nature of the frits used articlescompletely imitating ceramic articles or vitrified articles having theabsolute transparency of glass are obtained. These articles, accordingto the decoration or ornamentation made at the moment of molding, willbe of one or many colors, with opaque colored parts, obtained by meansof frits or with transparent colored parts, obtained by means ofenamels.

When it is desired to have an article with very fine grain. the moldingcan be effected under pressure. In these conditions the desired cohesionis given to the frit by quick burning and the said frit compressed whilehot in a metal mold, (brass or cast-iron.) In these conditions anarticle is obtained having the same appearance as those obtained by theprocess hereinbefore described, but having-a greater density.

claim 1. In the manufacture of glass articles, the

operation consisting in preparing a glass com-- pulverized material inthe mold and forming f the object therein by fusion, and removing Tomake a glass article by means of one of i the object from the mold aftercooling.

2. In the manufacture of lass articles, the operation consisting in metin a mixture containing silicious matter and carbonate, pulverizing thefrit thus obtained, placing the pulverized material while cool into amold, then heating the pulverized material in the mold and forming theobject therein by fusion, and removing the object from the mold aftercooling.

3. In the manufacture of glass articles, the steps which consist inmixing together sand,

said mixture, grinding the frit thus obtained, placing the groundmaterial while 'cool in'a mold, and then heatin the ground materialwithin the mold, and orming the article by fusion therein.

4. In the manufacture of glass articles, the steps which consist inpreparing a glass composition, calcining the same, pulverizin thecalcined material, placing the pulverize material while cool in a moldcomposed of a hardened mixture of clay, kaolin, uartz and plaster, thenheating the groun material I minium, carbonate, borax and chalk, fusingaforesaid within said mold and forming the article therein by fusion,and removing the article from the mold after cooling.

- 5. In the manufacture of glass articles, the steps which consist inpreparing a frit, burning-the same, grinding the burned material,

placing the ground material while cool in a mold, quickly fusing theround material in said mold, removing the 'fiised' material to a secondmold and compressing said material while hot.

6. In the manufacture of glass articles, the steps which consist inpreparing a frit, burning the same, grinding the burned material,placing the ground material while cool in a mold, fusing the groundmaterial in said mold, and subjecting the said material while hot topressure,

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

' RENIER ESTHER HERMAN JONKERGOUW.

Witnesses:

EMILE LEDRET, HANSON C. Coxn.

